PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.